By Deisy Buitrago and Marianna Parraga
CARACAS/MEXICO CITY (Reuters) – Venezuela is shipping jet fuel to Iran in return for vital gasoline imports for the South American nation as part of a swap deal agreed by the two state-run oil firms, three people with knowledge of the matter told Reuters.
Iran has ramped up assistance to Venezuela since last year as the United States tightened sanctions on both countries, hitting oil exports by state-run firms Petroleos de Venezuela and National Iranian oil Company (NIOC).
Iran has sent flotillas of state-operated tankers carrying gasoline and feedstock for motor fuel to Venezuela, as well as equipment and spare parts to help the once-prosperous OPEC nation restart its dilapidated refineries.
But the countries have provided few details on what Iran is getting from Venezuela in return.
Iran’s embassy in Caracas said in August that Venezuela had shipped a cargo of mangos and pineapples to Iran as part of “win-win commercial relations.”
Both Caracas and Tehran – which the United States has sanctioned with the aim of halting its nuclear program – have celebrated the Iranian fuel shipments as a method of resisting pressure from their common adversary.
However, one of the sources said NIOC and PDVSA last year agreed to a full swap of Venezuela jet fuel to pay for the Iranian gasoline.
The fuel swap suggests that Iranian fuel shipments to Venezuela – rather than a temporary expediency – could be sustained over the longer term.
Jet fuel is now abundant in Venezuela due to a shutdown in most domestic air travel due to coronavirus-related restrictions.
The jet fuel is shipped in the Iranian tankers that deliver gasoline to Venezuela in order to secure a uninterrupted flow of refined products and take advantage of available tankers, the source said. Such deals are known as “perfect trips” in the maritime industry as vessels travel fully laden in both directions.
Many independent tanker firms have been reluctant to carry Venezuelan oil or imported fuel for the country since Washington started sanctioning vessel owners.
“Each cargo is priced and compensated later. If there are differences in value (between swap shipments), they are paid through future cargoes,” the source added.
Venezuela has used shipments of its Merey heavy crude to compensate Iran for shortfalls in the value of jet fuel exports, with at least one 1.9-million-barrel cargo delivered to NIOC since October, according to the sources and PDVSA documents seen by Reuters.
The mechanism has so far allowed the two state firms to dispatch cargoes in and out of Venezuela onboard Iran-flagged vessels that have docked at the South American nation’s ports at least three times since May 2020, according to Refinitiv Eikon data.
PDVSA is selling the Iranian gasoline in dollar-denominated prices at the pump, which has provided it with desperately needed hard currency for operations. It is unclear if Iran is using the Venezuelan jet fuel for domestic consumption or if cargoes are resold.
Neither PDVSA nor Venezuela’s oil ministry responded to requests for comment. NIOC and Iran’s mission to the United Nations did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
PERFECT TRIPS
In its most recent trip to Venezuela, the Iran-flagged tanker Fortune, managed by state-run National Iranian Tanker Company (NITC), loaded 250,000 barrels of Venezuelan jet fuel in early February at the eastern port of Puerto La Cruz after discharging about 300,000 barrels of Iranian gasoline, one person with knowledge of the shipment said.
A third person with knowledge of the matter confirmed that both the Fortune and another Iran-owned tanker, the Faxon, which have made several trips from Iran’s Bandar Abbas port to Puerto La Cruz between May and February, were full again upon their departure from South America, though the person did not know what product they had loaded with.
NITC declined to comment.
In addition to the jet fuel, Venezuela sent alumina to Iran aboard a cargo vessel that brought supplies for a supermarket in Caracas, as a years-long economic collapse has led to a humanitarian crisis in Venezuela.
U.S. officials have said that Caracas is also paying Tehran with gold.
Iran in February also resumed airlifts of catalysts to Venezuela to help PDVSA boost fuel output at its 1.3 million barrel-per-day refining network, which remains mostly idled.
A portion of Iran’s gasoline shipments was seized last year by the U.S. Department of Justice, exacerbating Venezuela’s acute fuel scarcity.
(Reporting by Deisy Buitrago in Caracas and Marianna Parraga in Mexico City. Additional reporting by Mircely Guanipa in Maracay, Venezuela and Parisa Hafezi in Dubai.; Writing by Luc Cohen; Editing by Daniel Flynn and Marguerita Choy)
